mozardTa
delinqventobis adiqciuri varianti
m.mestiaSvili, d.zurabaSvili, m. cirekiZe
fsiqiatriis s/k instituti. Tbilisis saxelmwifo
samedicino institutis fsiqiatriisa da samedicino fsiqologiis kaTedra
ukanasknel wlebSi, sazogadoebis samarTlian SeSfoTebas iwvevs mozardTa qcevis gamoxatuli moSla – deviaciuri qceva. disocialuri qcevis problemam araTu dakarga Tavisi aqtualoba, aramed, bolo xans, Cvens respublikaSi da aramarto aq, mTeli msoflios masStabiT SeiniSneba misi aqtualobis gaRrmaveba da gansakuTrebuli interesi, ZiriTadad, mozardTa sicialuri dezadaptaciis, samarTaldarRvevisa da danaSaulebriv qmedebaTa profilaqtikis aspeqtSi (3, 4, 6). mozardTa deviaciuri qcevis formebidan gamovlinebis sixSiriT da simZimiT gamoirCeva delinqventuri qceva, kerZod, misi adiqciuri varianti, romelic warmoadgens narkomaniis aRmocenebis erT-erT mTavar risk -faqtors.
mozardTa asakSi, gansakuTrebiT, aqtualuria ara Camoyalibebuli narkonmania, aramed narko-toqsikur nivTierebaTa borotad gamoyeneba, roca am nivTierebaTa mimarT ar SeiniSneba gamoxatuli individualuri fizikuri damokidebuleba da daavadeba jer ar ganviTarebula. adiqciur qcevaSi igulisxmeba deviaciis Taviseburi forma, romelic warmoadgens narkomaniis dawyebis wina e.w. subklinikur periods, termini "adiqciuri qceva" miuTiTebs, rom saubaria ara daavadebaze, aramed qcevis garkveul moSlaze (1, 2, 5). aqedan gamomdinare, e.w. subklinikuri periodis TaviseburebaTa droul amocnobas SesaZlebelia hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ukve Camoyalibebuli daavadebis profilaqtikaSi.
bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi, adiqciuri qcevis mniSvneloba SesamCnevad gaaqtiurda, radgan gamoikveTa gamoxatuli tendencia alkoholizmis "gaaxalgazrdavebisa" (11).
adiqciuri qcevis dros narko-toqsikur nivTierebaTa miRebas aqvs ritualuri, jgufuri xasiaTi. miRebis realizacia xdeba mxolod da mxolod garkveul kampaniaSi, mis gareSe fsiqikuri damokidebuleba ar mJRavndeba, amitom aseTi mozardebi, iSviaTad, ipyroben garSemomyofTa yuradRebas. adiqciuri qcevis mozardebi yuradRebas ipyroben megobrebisa da nacnobebis wris xSiri SecvliT, advilad iZenen axal megobrebs, araiSviaTad, maTze ufrosebs – antisocialuri, ZiriTadad, "narkomanuli" anamneziT. qcevis mimarTeba ganisazRvreba mudmivi cdiT mozardTa "narkomanul" jgufSi (kampaniaSi) moxvedrisa da "gawevrianebisaken". mozardebi xSirad utrirebulad baZaven antisocialuri jgufis liders. aqtiurad monawileoben alkoholis, narko-toqsikur saSualebaTa SovnaSi da saerTod, "narkomanuli klimatis" organizaciaSi.
Cveni kvlevis mizans warmoadgenda uaryofiTi mikrosociumisa da qronikul-fsiqotravmuli faqtorebis zegavleniT aRmocenebuli delinqventobis adiqciuri varianti. SeviswavleT adiqciuri qcevis 50 mozardi. maT Soris qronikul-fsiqotravmuli faqtorebis zemoqmedeba dadginda 59%-Si, xolo uaryofiTi mikrosociumis faqtorebi gamovlinda 41%-Si.
specialuri aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom uaryofiTi mikrosociumis, iseve, rogorc qronikul-fsiqotravmuli faqtorebis izolirebuli Sefaseba pirobiTia da SedarebiTi, radgan xSirad, mozardze moqmedebs ori an ramdenime faqtori erTad. aseT SemTxvevaSi, upiratesobas vaniWebdiT faqtors, romelic gamoirCeoda konkretul mozardze zemoqmedebis xarisxiT da simZimiT.
uaryofiTi mikrosociumis faqtorebidan, delinqventobis adiqciuri variantis aRmocenebaSi mniSvnelovan pirobas warmoadgens disharmoniuli ojaxis tipi, romelic warmodgenili iyo Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: arasruli ojaxi – 52%, rRvevis procesSi myofi ojaxi – 15%, rigiduli fsevdosolidaruli ojaxi – 21%, destruqciuli ojaxi – 9%, darRveuli ojaxi – 3%. uaryofiTi mikrosociumis faqtorebidan aRzrdis hipomeurveobis tipi dadgenil iqna 52%-Si, aRzrdis urTierTsawinaaRmdego tipi – 17%-Si, aRzrdis tipi dakavSirebuli ojaxuri cxovrebis dinamikasTan – 13%-Si, hipermeurveobis tipi – 12%-Si, ojaxis "kerpis" tipiT aRzrda – 6%-Si. qronikul fsiqotravmuli faqtorebidan ojaxuri konfliqtebi ganawilda Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: intensiuri ojaxuri konfliqtebi – 69%, epizoduri – 18%, ioli ojaxuri konfliqtebi ki – 13%.
adiqciuri variantis aRmocenebaSi, zemoaRniSnul faqtorebTan erTad, mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs da paToplastiurad moqmedebs delinqventobis fenomenologiaze e.w. xasiaTis aqcentuacia da fsiqopaTia, agreTve, sqesobrivi tempis asinqronia, upiratesad aqseleraciis saxiT da paTologiurad mimdinare pubertaluri krizi.
kanonsawinaaRmdego qcevebi aRniSnuli variantis SemTxvevaSi dadginda %-Si, maT Soris socializirebuli – 71%, arasocializirebuli ki – 28%. danaSaulebrivi qmedeba gamovlinda mxolod 6%-Si.
amrigad, masalis analizidan gamomdinare, adiqciis aRmocenebis xelSemwyob faqtorebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos aRzrdis hiperproteqciis tipi, disharmoniuli ojaxis tipebidan, upiratesad arasruli ojaxis tipi. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba intensiuri konfliqtebis arsebobas ojaxSi. delinqventuri qcevis aRniSnuli variantis dros alkoholuri eqscesebi SedarebiT adre iwyeba da, ZiriTadad, vlindeba xanmokle araRrma epizodebis saxiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom eqscesebs ZiriTadad, ganapirobebs alkoholuri garemo ojaxsa da uaxloes wreSi (53%). mozardebi demonstratiulad axdenen simTvralis imitacias. alkoholizaciis epizodebis aRmocenebaSi, upiratesad, warmodgenilia imitaciuri da gedonisturi meqanizmebi. adiqciuri variantis dros Warbobs mozardebi zneobriv-eTikuri moumwifeblobiT da swori socialuri motivaciis uqonlobiT. socialuri adaptacia didxans ar irRveva.
amrigad, aRniSnuli problema friad aqtualuria da aracalsaxovani. droulad Catarebuli prevenciuli – pedagogiur-koreqciuli, samedicino reabilitaciuri RonisZiebani, ojaxuri fsiqosanacia xels Seuwyobs mozardTa qcevis mowesrigebas, xasiaTis koreqcias da dadebiTi SromiTi socialuri mimarTebebis gamomuSavebas, rac Tavidan agvacilebs mozardis pirovnebis anomalur ganviTarebas, da rac mTavaria, qcevis qronifikacias.
literatura:
fsiqiatriis s/k instituti
Tbilisi, 380077, m.asaTianis q. #10
david_zur@email.com
M.
Mestiashvili, D. Zurabashvili, M. Tsirekidze
Research
Institute of psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical Institute, Chair of Psychiatry
and Medical Psychology
For last years the special urgency is got with a
problem of deviant behavior among children and teenagers. Among various forms
of dissocial frustration, basically, it is submitted delinquent behavior.
Delinquency more and more becomes complicated with heavy aggressive, unethical
and immoral displays, early alcoholization, glue sniffing,
"rejuvenescence" of an addiction, and that is especially important,
frequent illegal behavior and criminal acts. Abovementioned manifestations are mainly
shown at addictive variant of delinquency. At teenage age it is not actual
generated addiction, but the malicious use of narcotics and toxic substances,
when the expressed individual physical dependence is not marked and disease is
not developed yet.
The mane purpose of research was to study addictive variant of delinquency, developed under influence of negative microsocium and chronically psycho traumatic factors. Among the investigated 50 teenagers, factors of negative microsocium are revealed in 41 %, and chronically psycho traumatic factors - 59 %. Proceeding from the analysis of a material, types disharmonic families were showed in the following sequence: incomplete family - 53 %, rigid pseudosolidar family - 21 %, breaking up family - 9 %, the broken family - 3 %.
Among the types of upbringing hipopatronage have been established in 53 %, the hyper patronage - 12 %, inconsistent type of upbringing - 15 %, changing of upbringing methods in connection with dynamics of home-life - 15 %, upbringing as family "idol" - 6 %. Among family conflicts on the forefront there came intensive family conflicts of-76 %, then incidental - 16 % and easy family conflicts - 8 % act.
Character accentuation, psychopath, pathological pubertal crisis, asinqronous rate of maturing, mainly an acceleration, can be ranked as factors promoting development of delinquency and, in particular, its addictive variant.
Illegal behavior at addictive variant of delinquency there is established in 35 %, and criminal acts - in 6 %.
In addictive variant, prevail teenagers with underdeveloped moral - ethical standards and absence of correct social motivation, though it is necessary to note, that social adaptation is not broken for long time.
The orientation of addictive teenagers behavior is determined by aspiration to get in "narcomanic" campaign and to "associate" in it. They exaggeratedly imitate the leader of antisocial group, participate in getting alcoholic drinks and toxic means and, in general, in the organization "addictive climate ". The certain part of teenagers shows ability to analyze critically the behavior and frequently keeps an opportunity of prognostic estimation of addictive behavior consequences.