biologiuri da socialur-fsiqologiuri faqtorebis
(rogorc risk-jgufis faqtorebis) roli bavSvTa da mozardTa deviaciuri da
delinqventuri formis qcevis
aRmocenebaSi
m.mestiaSvili, n. yuraSvili, q. gamyreliZe
fsiqiatriis s/k instituti
qcevis moSlis – deviaciis sindromi warmoadgens mozardTa asakis erT-erT upirates fsqopaTologiur sindroms. ukanaskneli ori sami aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi, aRniSnuli sindromi sul ufro met yuradRebas iqcevs gavrcelebis da damZimebis gamoxatuli tendenciiT, bolo xanebSi, mozardTa deviacia iRebs gamokveTil delinqventobis da kerZod, antisocialur, kanonsawinaaRmdego qcevis da danaSaulebrivi qmedebis saxes. zemoTaRniSnuli mdgomareoba ganapirobebs mozardTa deviacia-delinqventurobis problemis intensiur Seswavlas. fsiqiatrebis, pedagogebis, fsiqologebis, kriminologebis da sociologebis mxriv (a.k. liCko, v.v. kovaliovi, o.a. trifonovi, m.g. mestiaSvili, d.z. zurabaSvili). amasTan, es problema, ZiriTadad, calmxrivad Suqdeba. naklebad aris Seswavlili e.w. riskis faqtoris arsi da mniSvneloba, romlebic xels uwyobs deviaciis klinikur gamovlinebaTa Camoyalibebas da maT stabilurobas. met yuradRebas moiTxovs, agreTve, subklinikuri niSnebis manifestaciis xelSemwyobi pirobebis rolis gansazRvra (momwifebis tempis Taviseburebani, asinqronia, paTologiurad mimdinare pubertaluri periodi, uaryofiTi mikro socialiri faqtorebi, fsiqogenuri stresuli zemoqmedeba da sxva.)
zemoT
gadmocemuli riskis faqtorebis Sinaarsobrivi analizis safuZvelze v.m. Sebakovi,
m.k. skoblo, t.m. sokolovi da sxva gamoyofen biologiur da socialur-fsiqologiur
faqtorebs, amasTan avtorebi miuTiTeben am dayofis pirobiTobaze, radgan isini
xSirad warmodgenili arian garkveul urTierTkavSirSi.
Sromis mizans warmoadgens: 1) deliqventuri 40 mozardis qcevis moSlis subklinikuri Taviseburebis retrospeqtuli Seswavla, romlebic skolamdel da pirvel saskolo periodSi imyofebodnen uaryofiT biologiur da socialur-fsiqologiuri, e.w. riskis faqtorebis, gavlenis qveS; 2) riskis faqtorebis Sinaarsobrivi daxasiaTeba.
delinqventuri
qcevis dadgenisas vxelmZRvanelobdiT liCkos mier Camoyalibebuli gansazRvriT da
qcevis motivaciis tipebis gaTvaliswinebiT (angarebis, agresiulobis, gedonisturi
da adiqciuri tipebi). riskis biologiur faqtorebSi gamovyaviT oTxi jgufi: 1)
sxvadasxva xasiaTis arakeTilsasurveli egzogenuri gavlena, romelic xSirad iyo
aRniSnuli qcevis moSlis mqone bavSvTa adreul anamnezSi. orsulobis da
mSobiarobis paTologiuri mimdinareoba, Tavis tvinis adreuli travmebi da
neiroinfeqciebi; 2) sicocxlis pirvel wlebSi somatur daavadebaTa didi sixSire;
3) Seswavlil avadmyof bavSvTa ojaxis arakeTilsaimedo konstitucionaluri foni,
mSoblebis da axlo naTesavebis qaraqterologiuri
anomaliebi da maTi myari yofiTi da SromiTi dezadaptacia, qronikuli
alkoholizmi; 4) maRali memkvidreobiTi datvirTva endogenuri fsiqikuri
daavadebebiT.
riskis
socialur-fsiqologiuri faqtorebi, romelnic xels uwyoben qcevis moSlis adreul
formirebas. ZiriTadad warmodgenilia mSoblebis ojaxis dezadaptaciis faqtoriT. 1)
ojaxis darRveva da bavSvis aRzrdis gadacema naTesavebze an sxva pirebze. 2)
ojaxis wevrebs Soris intensiuri
konfliqtebi; 3) aRzrdis gamoxatuli defeqti (hipoproteqciis,
hiperproteqciis aRzrdis cvalebadi da urTierTsawinaaRmdego meTodi, sisastike,
dasjisa da bavSvis emociuri daTrgunvis, ambivalenturi damokidebulebis da sxvaTa saxiT).
riskis
socialur-fsiqologiuri jgufis dazustebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miipyro
bavSvTa rogorc mamis, ise dedis qaraqterologiurma anomaliebma, ZiriTadad,
xasiaTis aqcentuaciis saxiT, upiratesad agznebad, aramdgrad, isteroiduli
StrixebiT, iSviaTad hiperTimiur Sizoidur tipebis saxiT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi
anomalia uaxlovdeboda klinikurad gamoxatul fsiqopaTiis xarisxs.
dakvirveba
gviCvenebs, rom zemoT gadmocemuli riskis jgufebis gamovlenis Sedegad yalibdeba
iseTi garemo da iqmneba pirobebi qcevis subklinikuri moSlis aRmocenebisa
sicocxlis pirvelive wlebSi, romelic garkveulad ganicdis fiqsacias ukve
skolamdel asakSi. delinqventur gamovlinebaTa manifestacia ZiriTadad pubertalur
periodSi moxda (26 SemTxvevaSi), 14 SemTxvevaSi manifestacia dadgenil iqna
prepubertalur asakSi.
retrospeqtulad
Seswavlili 40 mozardis anamnezis mixedviT, 5-10 wlis asakSi, 32 SemTxvevaSi
dadgenil iqna rudimentuli an da, dRevandeli terminologiiT, qcevis moSlis
subklinikuri niSnebi. bavSvis ganviTarebis skolamdel da pirvel saskolo periodSi
riskis biologiuri da socialur-fsiqologiuri faqtorebis dadgeniT SesaZlebeli
gaxdeba naadrevi diferencirebuli RonisZiebaTa gatareba da mozardTa socialuri
dezadaptaciis Tavidan acileba.
l i t e r a t u r a:
1.
Личко А. Е.
Подростковая психматрия п.1979.
2. Ковалев В.В Псиатрия детского возраста т.
1979.
3. Трифонов О.А., Емелянов А.С. и др. –
Профилактика потологических
4. реакции
у поростков. Журнал нервопатологии и психиатрии им Корсакова, 1983, №5
5. Зурабашвили Д.З. Топология развития у
детей школьного возраста. Тбилиси, 1995
6. mestiaSvili m.g. bavSvTa fsiqiatriis aqtualuri sakiTxebi. Tbilisi 1977 w.
7. zurabaSvili d.z. bavSvTa fsiqiatriis aqtualuri sakiTxebi. Tbilisi 1977 w.
The role of biological and socio-psychological factors (factors of risk groups) in occurrence of deviation and delinquent behavior at
children and teenagers.
M.
Mestiashvili, N. Kurashvili, K. Gamkrelidze
Research
Institute of psychiatry
In the work there are submitted children's groups of increased risk, which are formed at children in the preschool and school period under influence of negative biological and socio-psychological factors, mainly with sub clinical signs and with demonstration in pubertal period in the form of delinquency. There are developed early concrete and differential preventive actions of social disadaptation.