kvebis
industriaSi gamoyenebuli Tanamedrove bioteqnologiebis saxelmwifo regulirebis
sistemisaTvis gadaudebeli RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba
q. dadiani, i. faRava, n. filia, i. beraia, n.
menaRariSvili n. CakvetaZe
g.m. naTaZis saxelobis sanitariisa da higienis
samecniero kvleviTi instituti
genuri inJineria, rogorc mecniereba, 70-ian wlebidan ganviTarda da
ukve SemoiWra Cvens yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. yovelwliurad izrdeba genmodificirebuli
wyaroebis warmoeba da msoflio bazarze matulobs genmodificirebuli sakvebi produqtebis,
an genmodificirebuli wyaros Semcveli produqciis raodenoba. dReisaTvis Seqmnilia
da mTel rig qveynebSi mosaxleobis kvebaSi gamoiyeneba aTeuli dasaxelebis
genmanipulirebuli wyaro, romelTa Sorisaa mosaxleobis kvebaSi da maT Soris
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis kvebaSi farTod moxmarebuli iseTi produqtebi, rogoricaa
kartofili, simindi, tomati, Saqris Warxali da sxva. tradiciuli
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis klonireba, marTalia, maT aniWebs mdgradobas
sxvadasxva daavadebebis, mRrRnelebis, pesticidebis mimarT, unarCunebs Tvisebebs
xangrZlivi Senaxvis pirobebSi, rac erTis mxriv sasurveli Sedegia, magram es
procesi moiTxovs problemebis gadawyvetas, rac ukavSirdeba genebis gamoxatvis
gauTvaliswinebeli efeqtebis Sefasebas, magaliTad produqtebis kvebiTi Rirebulebis
Secvlas, maTi zemoqmedebis alergiul an toqsikur reaqciebsa da Soreul Sedegebs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs janmrTelobis dacvis msoflio
organizaciisa da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis rekomendaciebi am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT, jerjerobiT ar aris miRebuli is saerTaSoriso wesebi, romelic
moawesrigebda aseTi produqciis registraciis, socialur-higienuri monitoringis,
saqonelbrunvisa da rac mTavaria, misi xarisxisa da usafrTxoebis dadgenis
SesaZleblobas mosaxleobis janmrTelobisaTvis. amdenad, mocemul sferoSi meti
prioriteti nacionalur kanonmdeblobebs eniWeba.
dReisaTvis saqarTvelos bazari, romelic mewarme subieqtis,
momxmareblis, savaWro da makontrolirebeli organoebis urTierTqmedebis area, jer
kidev daucvelia uxarisxo, gayalbebuli da adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi
produqciis SeRwevisagan. 1996-1997 wlebSi saqarTvelos 3 regionSi daiTesa
monsantis mier gamoyvanili kartofili, romelic kolorados xoWos sawinaaRmdego Bt
toqsinis garda kanamicinis mimarT mdgradobis marker-gensac Seicavda. am
kartofilis mosavlianoba Zalze dabali aRmoCnda – kartofili, romelic adgilobriv
pirobebs ar iyo Seguebuli, Zlier dazianda sokovani daavadebebiT (fitoftora) da
bevri fermerebi valebSi Caagdo. magram daudgenelia is ziani, romelic am
produqtma mosaxleobis janmrTelobas miayena. es genmodificirebuli produqti
yovelgvari segregaciisa (gamocalkeveba aratransgenuri produqtisagan) da
specialuri niSandebis (markirebis) gareSe iqna gamoyenebuli. qveyanaSi
Sesabamisi genuri inJineriis problemebis daregulirebaze zrunva marTalia,
sxvadasxva saministroebisa da uwyebebis erToblivi ZalisxmeviTaa SesaZlebeli,
magram saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros rolis
gadaWarbebiT Sefaseba am sakiTxebSi SeuZlebelia. aseT viTarebaSi aucilebel
RonisZiebad moiazreba iseTi sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli bazis arseboba, romelic
samarTlebriv safuZvels Seuqmnis arasaimedo sakvebi produqciisa da maT Soris
adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis potenciurad saSiSi genmodificirebuli produqtebis
samomxmareblo bazarze SeRwevis winaaRmdeg RonisZiebaTa realizacias.
mosaxleobis janmrTelobis dacvisa da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis
mniSvnelovan saSualebas warmoadgens sakvebi produqtebis xarisxisa da
usafrTxoebis saxelmwifo kontroli. `sursaTisa da Tambaqos Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonis Tanaxmad saqarTveloSi warmoebuli da importirebuli yvela saxis sursaTi
da maTi nedleuli (samecniero daniSnulebisaTvis da gamofenebisaTvis, agreTve
mflobelis piradi moxmarebisaTvis gankuTvnili sursaTis garda) eqvemdebareba
xarisxis kontrols, romlis Sedegad ganisazRvreba standartebiTa da normebiT
dadgenili maxasiaTeblebi da xdeba miRebuli Sedegebis dadgenil moTxovnebTan
Sedareba, magram am kontrolSi ar moiazreba sakvebi produqtebis higienuri
eqspertiza, romlis saboloo mizans warmoadgens kompleqsuri gamokvlevis gziT
adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis sakvebis usafrTxoebis dadgena.
sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo saxelmwifo sazRvris gamtar punqtebSi da
sabaJo zonebSi sanitariuli samsaxuris mier saTanadod ver xorcieldeba
sanitariul-sakarantino kontroli da Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia importirebuli
arakeTilsaimedo sakvebi produqciis gamovlena da maTi Semotanis aRkveTa. kerZod,
arsebuli kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs qveyanaSi Semosatanad gaTvaliswinebuli
sakvebi produqciis janmrTelobis usafrTxoebis maCvenebelze Semowmebisa da
Sesabamisi daskvnis gacemas. amasTan, kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs
mwarmoebeli qveynis mier produqciaze gacemuli janmrTelobis usafrTxoebis
damadasturebeli dokumentis saqarTvelos mier aRiarebas. ar xorcieldeba
sanitariul-sakarantino kontroli yvela kontrolqvemdebare tvirTze, aseve sarkinigzo
transportiT Semosul tvirTebze.
aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da
socialuri dacvis saministros ZalisxmeviT dReisaTvis SemuSavebulia saqarTvelos
sanitariuli kodeqsis kanonis proeqti, romliTac gansazRvrulia moTxovnebi
adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis potenciurad saSiSi produqciis warmoebaze, importze,
eqsportsa da realizaciaze. `saqstandartTan~ erTad SemuSavebulia saqarTvelos
kanonis proeqti `arakeTilsaimedo sakvebi produqciis brunvidan amoRebisa da
ganadgurebis Sesaxeb~, momzadebulia aseve saqarTvelos kanonis proeqti
`saqarTvelos zogierTi sakanonmdeblo aqtSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis
Sesaxeb~. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom g. naTaZis saxelobis sanitariisa da
higienis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis kvebis ganyofilebis bazaze muSavdeboda
da 2002 wlisaTvis dasamTavrebel normatiul dokumentTa nusxaSi moiazreba `sakvebi
produqtebis higienuri eqspertizis Catarebis wesebi~, sadac gansazRvruli iqneba
eqspertizis ganxorcielebis wesi rogorc samamulo, aseve importirebul sakveb
produqtebze. misi ganxorcieleba saxelmwifo sanitariuli zedamxedvelobis
samsaxurebisa da dadgenili wesiT akreditirebuli sxva organoebis mier xels
Seuwyobs saqarTvelos samomxmareblo bazris dacvas adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis
saSiSi produqciis SeRwevisagan, magram jer kidev gaurkveveli rCeba is
sakanonmdeblo berketebi, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon saqarTvelos mosaxleobis
janmrTelobis dacva genmodificirebuli produqtebis samomxmareblo bazarze SesaZlo
SeRwevis SemTxvevaSi. ar aris dadgenili is higienuri moTxovnebi, romlebic aseTi
produqciis niSandebas, segregacias, normirebas, higienur da mediko-genetikur
eqspertizas Seexeba.
marTalia, dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi genuri inJineriis dargSi
kanonmdebloba jer ar arsebobs da aseTi kanonis miRebamde transgenuri cocxali
organizmebis warmoeba da importi droebiT SeCerebulia, magram ukve dRes
aucilebelia SemuSavdes is RonisZiebebi, romelTa saSualebiTac ganxorcieldeba
mosaxleobis jansaRi kvebis politikis warmarTvisaTvis swori gadawyvetilebebis
miReba. sakvebi produqtebis usafrTxoebis kontrolis sistemis garda, aucilebelia
Seiqmnas riskis Sefasebis erovnuli procedura da SemuSavdes genmodificirebuli
sakvebi produqtebis usafrTxoebis monitoringis sistema.
literatura
1. m. qurxuli, n. Savdia, d. gagua, j. axvlediani, p. imnaZe, T.
kobiZe - `mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze sakvebi produqtebiT gamowveuli riskis
mogvarebisa da Semcirebis aqtualuri problemebi saqarTveloSi~ - saqarTvelos
garemos higienis erovnuli programa; I erovnuli konferenciis SromaTa krebuli,
Tbilisi, 2001 w. gv. 63-77;
2.Методические
указания МУК
2.3.2.970-00
"Медико-биологическая
оценка
пищевой
продукции,
полученной
из генетически
модифицированных
источников", Москва,
2000.
3.
Г.Г.Онищенко -
О
гигиенических
и нормативных
аспектах
регистрации
пищевых
продуктов,
полученных
из
генетически модифицированных
источников", Вопросы
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4. Biotechnology
and food safety. Report of a joint FAO/WHO consultation # 61 - Rome, 1996, 27 p.
SUMMARY
The article reviews actual
problems, resolution of which would decrease possible adverse impact of
genmodified food in case of their possible accesse on the Georgian market.